In public goods games, it is common for agents to learn strategies from those who possess the highest utility.However, in reality, because of the lack of information, strategies and utilities from others cannot be obtained or predicted during learning and updating.To address this issue, we introduce a learning update mechanism based on aspirations.
Recent studies focusing on neural activity captured by neuroimaging modalities have provided various metrics for elucidating the functional networks and dynamics of the entire brain.Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) can depict spatiotemporal functional neural networks and dynamic characteristics due to its excellent spatial resolution.Ho
Epidemiological studies of drug misusers have until recently relied on two main forms of sampling: probability and convenience.The former has been used when the aim was simply to estimate the prevalence of the condition and the latter when in depth studies of the characteristics, profiles and behaviour of drug users were required, but each method h
This paper analyzed the implementational aspects of the contourlet filter bank (or the pyramidal directional filter bank (PDFB)), and considered its application in image coding.First, details of the binary tree-structured directional filter bank (DFB) are presented, including a modification to minimize the phase delay factor and necessary steps for
The current COVID-19 pandemic and lockdown in the UK have parallels with the first ever national management of epidemic infection in England, the Plague Orders of 1578.Combining historical research of the Tudor and Stuart periods with information sources and broadcast news as the epidemic in England unfolds in real time during lockdown, the areas o